Malleolus

Medial (MM) and lateral (LM) malleoli.

• The malleoli are part of the tibia and fibula
• Can ankle problems cause knee pain?

The malleoli are part of the tibia and fibula

The malleolus on the inner side is the medial malleolus (and is part of the tibia bone) and the one on the outer side is the lateral malleolus (and is part of the fibula bone).

Quick links

• Tibia

• Fibula

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Can ankle problems cause knee pain?

Because the ankle bones are part of the tibia and fibula, any deformity or stress in the ankle can directly influence the knee.

Peer-reviewed papers

• Quote from peer-reviewed paper:

  "....Foot and ankle characteristics are associated with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and may also relate to patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA)...."

  Citation: Tan JM, Crossley KM, Munteanu SE, Collins NJ, Hart HF, Donnar JW, Cleary G, O'Sullivan IC, Maclachlan LR, Derham CL, Menz HB. Associations of foot and ankle characteristics with knee symptoms and function in individuals with patellofemoral osteoarthritis. J Foot Ankle Res. 2020 Sep 23;13(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s13047-020-00426-8. PMID: 32967701; PMCID: PMC7509922.

End of papers Quick links

• Patellofemoral pain syndrome

• Patellofemoral arthritis

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Forum discussions

• Diagnosis and pain relief

  Patients discuss ankle problems related to knee issues.

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